Applicability of radiocolloids, blue dyes and fluorescent indocyanine green to sentinel node biopsy in melanoma

Patients with primary cutaneous melanoma underwent sentinel node (SN) mapping and biopsy at 25 facilities in Japan by the combination of radiocolloid with gamma probe and dye. Technetium-99m (99mTc)-tin colloid, 99mTc-phytate, 2% patent blue violet (PBV) and 0.4% indigo carmine were used as tracers. In some hospitals, 0.5% fluorescent indocyanine green, which allows visualization of the SN with an infrared camera, was concomitantly used and examined. A total of 673 patients were enrolled, and 562 cases were eligible. The detection rates of SN were 95.5% (147/154) with the combination of tin colloid and PBV, 98.9% (368/372) with the combination of phytate and PBV, and 97.2% (35/36) with the combination of tin colloid or phytate and indigo carmine. SN was not detected in 12 cases by the combination method, and the primary tumor was in the head and neck in six of those 12 cases. In eight of 526 cases (1.5%), SN was detected by PBV but not by radiocolloid. There were 13 cases (2.5%) in which SN was detected by radiocolloid but not by PBV. In 18 of 36 cases (50%), SN was detected by radiocolloid but not by indigo carmine. Concomitantly used fluorescent indocyanine green detected SN in all of 67 cases. Interference with transcutaneous oximetry by PVB was observed in some cases, although it caused no clinical trouble. Allergic reactions were not reported with any of the tracers. 99mTc-tin colloid, 99mTc-phytate, PBV and indocyanine green are useful tracers for SN mapping.ArticleJOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY. 39(4):336-338 (2012)journal articl

A SIMPLIFIED MODEL OF UPPER CRUST FROM SEISMIC WAVE VELOCITIES AT VOLCANO ASO

The observation of the volcanic earthquakes occurred near the Volcano Aso and the tectonic earthquakes of near-distance was carried out by the method of a tripartite net using a magnetic tape recorder, and the wireless telemetering system by which seismic signals were transmitted from Hond6, being near the crater, to the Laboratory. The seismic wave velocities for the upper layer are Vp= 2.8 km/sec and V, = 1.6 km/sec, and Vp'= 5.0 km/sec for the under layer. The thickness of the upper layer is at least 3.7 km. The locations of source for the volcanic earthquakes originated in the Volcano Aso were determined based on the model with a single layer over a half space

阿蘇火山の火山性微動の性質

京都大学0048新制・課程博士理学博士理博第54号新制||理||22(附属図書館)427京都大学大学院理学研究科地球物理学専攻(主査)教授 佐々 憲三, 教授 三木 晴男, 教授 小沢 泉夫学位規則第5条第1項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

A CHARACTERISTIC OCCURRENCE OF EARTHQUAKE SWAMS AT THE ASO CALDERA-RIM

Since the big explosion of October, 1965, at the Volcano Aso, the red-hot bottom in the 1st crater has been observed almost continuously during these several years. At the end of July, 1971, a small pit of 10 m in diameter opened at the bottom of crater and volcanic ash has been ejected intermittently from October, 1971, until now. Under such volcanic conditions, four groups of small earthquakes occurred at the western area of the Aso Caldera during the period from August, 1970, to .January, 1972. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The life of each swarm is shorter than about 40 hours and the foci are restricted to a small region. (2) The epicentral regions of the four swarms lie on a line along the northwestern rim of the caldera and the seismic region appears to be migrated successively from the south to the north. (3) The focal depths are 4-16 km under the Tateno Valley, only a collasped part of the caldera, and 4-8 km under the caldera-rim or the outer side of caldera. (4) The spa._es occupied by the swarms occurred under the caldera-rim or the collapsed part, spread vertically while those under the outer side of caldera spread horizontally. (5) The released energy of the swarm under the Tateno Valley amounted to 10^17 ergs, is smaller than the energies of the others, amounted to 10^18- 19 ergs. Therefore, it seems to reflect the tectonic state under the collapsed part of the caldera

MEASUREMENT OF KINETIC ENERGY OF VOLCANIC MICRO-TREMORS

An apparatus is prepared for the purpose of direct measurement of oscillatory energy. This digital energy accumulator, called DEA-1, enables us to obtain precise results more easily than hitherto. From its application to the measurement of micro-tremors at the Volcano Aso, it is concluded that the release of energy in the form of micro-tremors is about 10^12 ergs per day in the quiescent state. In addition, the variation in period of micro-tremors in relation to changes in volcanic activity can be detected by the use of DEA-1

The Observation of Microtremors Correlated with the Existence of Cracks at the Landslide Area

The observations of microtremors over the Kamenose landslide area were carried out in March and July, 1971. To examine the influence of the cracks existing in this area on the tremor, the observation with three components was applied. The tremors are classified into high frequency type, medium frequency type and low frequency type. The horizontal locus of medium frequency type shows the polarization to the direction perpendicular to crack. And it has been definitely shown that this type of microtremors may be affected strongly by the existence of cracks at the landslide area

Volcanic Tremor of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, During July-December, 1963.

Two types of volcanic tremor were observed during July-December, 1963. One is accompanied by the eruptions in August and October and the other is associated with no eruptive activity. Spacial distribution of tremor amplitude in the case of the October eruption and amplitude spectra for various cases were studied from the records obtained by densely located seismometers in and around Kilauea caldera. The results imply that a) before and during the eruption, movement or feeding of magma occurs beneath the region of Halemaumau, b) lava seems to flow through a more or less continuous conduit from beneath Halemaumau to the east rift zone, and c) long-period tremor (2 sec.) is of deep origin and short period tremor seems to be related with surface lava extrusion.日米科学協力の一環として実施されたキラウエア火山の地球物理学的研究において得られた表記期間中の火山性脈動の観測結果をまとめて報告する